Ladder Safety: Inspection, Use, and Storage
Ladders are among the most commonly used tools on construction sites, industrial facilities, warehouses, and maintenance departments. Despite their simplicity, ladders contribute to thousands of falls, injuries, and fatalities each year. Most ladder-related accidents occur due to poor inspection, improper use, incorrect placement, or unsafe storage practices.
This guide covers the essential elements of Ladder Safety, focusing on three critical areas: Inspection, Use, and Storage. Understanding these aspects ensures workers use ladders safely, supervisors can enforce compliance, and organizations reduce height-related incidents.
Understanding Ladder Safety
Ladder safety refers to following standardized procedures that prevent falls, loss of balance, slipping, structural failure, and misuse of ladders. Regardless of ladder type—step ladder, extension ladder, platform ladder, or specialty ladder—safety begins with selecting the right ladder for the task and ensuring it is in proper working condition.
Types of Ladders Used in Workplaces
Step Ladders
- Self-supporting
- Best for short-duration tasks
- Should NEVER be used when folded
Extension Ladders
- Require stable support
- Useful for reaching high, elevated areas
Platform Ladders
- Include a built-in platform
- Provide additional balance for longer tasks
Fixed Ladders
- Mounted permanently on structures
- Must include cages or fall arrest systems (depending on height)
Combination & Multipurpose Ladders
- Adjustable configurations
- Must be locked securely before use
Selecting the correct ladder type is the first step toward safe work at height.
Ladder Inspection: Ensuring the Ladder Is Safe to Use
Ladder inspection must be performed BEFORE every use. A damaged ladder puts workers at immediate risk of falling.
Pre-Use Inspection Checklist
Inspect the Side Rails
- Check for cracks, bends, corrosion, or dents
- Ensure rails are clean and free from oil, grease, or chemicals
Examine Ladder Rungs
- Look for missing, loose, or bent rungs
- Ensure rungs are clean and slip-resistant
Check the Feet and Shoes
- Verify the ladder feet are:
- Non-slip
- Not worn out
- Securely attached
Test the Spreaders and Locks
- Step ladders must have fully functional spreaders
- Extension ladders must have functioning locks
Check Rope and Pulley Systems
(For extension ladders)
- Look for frayed rope
- Ensure smooth operation
Ensure Labels and Load Ratings Are Visible
- All ladders must display duty rating
- Workers must never exceed capacity
When to Remove a Ladder From Service
A ladder must be tagged “Do Not Use” and removed if:
- It is bent, broken, or warped
- It has missing rungs or supports
- Hardware is loose or missing
- Rails are cracked or split
- It fails stability or load tests
Damaged ladders must be repaired by qualified personnel or disposed of.
Safe Ladder Use: Best Practices for Working at Height
Improper use is the number one cause of ladder accidents. Workers must follow established safe practices at all times.
Correct Ladder Positioning
The 4:1 Rule for Extension Ladders
For every 4 feet of height, the base of the ladder should be 1 foot away from the wall.
This ensures stability and minimizes tipping risk.
Three-Point Contact Rule
Workers must maintain:
- Two hands + one foot OR
- Two feet + one hand
This prevents loss of balance.
Set the Ladder on Firm, Level Ground
Never place ladders on:
- Boxes
- Barrels
- Loose gravel
- Slopes
- Mud
- Wet surfaces
Use ladder stabilizers when needed.
Proper Climbing Technique
Face the Ladder
Never climb with your body facing away.
Move Slowly and Deliberately
Rushing increases fall risk.
Keep Your Body Centered
Stay between the side rails—do not overreach.
Carry Tools Safely
Use:
- Tool belts
- Hoisting lines
- Pouches
Never carry tools in your hands while climbing.
Safe Practices While Working on Ladders
Do Not Stand on Top Rungs
Top two rungs of step ladders and the top four steps of extension ladders are unsafe.
Do Not Use Ladders in Doorways
If unavoidable:
- Lock the door
- Use a barricade or signage
Avoid Electrical Hazards
Use fiberglass ladders near energized equipment.
One Person Only
Ladders are designed for one user unless specifically marked otherwise.
Avoid Overreaching
Move the ladder instead of leaning to the side.
Ladder Angle and Stability
Factors Affecting Ladder Stability
- Ground surface
- Ladder load
- Angle of placement
- Weather (wind or rain)
- Ladder material (aluminum, fiberglass, wood)
Use of Ladder Accessories
- Ladder stabilizers
- Ladder levelers
- Foot pads
- Anti-slip mats
Use accessories only from approved manufacturers.
Using Ladders Near Electrical Sources
Material Matters
- Aluminum ladders conduct electricity
- Fiberglass ladders are safest near electrical hazards
Required Clearances
Maintain safe distance from:
- Overhead power lines
- Energized panels
- Conductive equipment
Ladder Use in Confined Spaces or Tight Areas
For narrow locations:
- Use compact ladders
- Ensure proper illumination
- Avoid slippery surfaces
Never twist your body while climbing.
Weather Considerations for Ladder Work
Wind
High winds can blow ladders over.
Rain
Wet rungs increase slip risk.
Cold Weather
Ice on rungs reduces friction.
Hot Weather
Metal ladders become hot and unsafe to handle.
Always evaluate environmental conditions before using a ladder.
Ladder Storage: Extending the Life of Equipment
Proper storage increases ladder life and ensures safety.
Best Practices for Ladder Storage
Store Ladders in a Dry Area
Moisture can damage wooden and metal ladders.
Use Ladder Racks or Hooks
Keep ladders off the ground to:
- Prevent bending
- Reduce corrosion
Avoid Storing Ladders Horizontally on the Floor
This creates a tripping hazard and causes warping.
Store Away From Chemicals
Many chemicals degrade ladder materials.
Protect Labels and Rating Information
Never paint over safety labels.
Transporting Ladders Safely
Manual Handling
- Carry ladders with both hands
- Lift using legs, not the back
- Check surroundings
Vehicle Transport
- Secure ladders firmly
- Use roof racks or tie-downs
- Ensure no overhang danger
Improper transport can damage ladders and create public hazards.
Training and Competency Requirements
Workers must be trained in:
- Ladder selection
- Load rating awareness
- Inspection steps
- Safe climbing methods
- Emergency procedures
Supervisors must verify competency regularly.
Common Causes of Ladder-Related Accidents
- Using damaged ladders
- Overreaching or leaning
- Incorrect ladder type
- Poor placement on uneven ground
- Carrying heavy loads while climbing
- Standing on prohibited steps
- Environmental hazards
Most incidents are preventable through proper inspection and adherence to safe use practices.
Conclusion
Ladder safety is crucial for preventing falls and maintaining safe work environments. By inspecting ladders before use, following correct placement and climbing techniques, and storing ladders properly, organizations can significantly reduce ladder-related injuries.
Remember:
The safest ladder is one used correctly, inspected thoroughly, and stored properly.
For checklist and templates visit The HSE Tools.
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FAQs
1. How often should ladders be inspected?
Before each use and periodically as per company policy.
2. What is the 4:1 ladder rule?
For every 4 feet of height, place the base 1 foot away from the wall.
3. Can ladders be used on uneven ground?
Only if stabilizers or levelers are used.
4. What material is safest for electrical work?
Fiberglass ladders.
5. When should a ladder be removed from service?
When it has structural damage, missing parts, or fails inspection.
